Present simple tense (ປະຈຸບັນງ່າຍດ່າຍ)

Present simple tense (ປະຈຸບັນງ່າຍດ່າຍ)

Present simple (ຫລື Simple present) ເປັນ tense ພື້ນຖານໃນພາສາອັງກິດ ແລະ ມີຄວາມສຳຄັນທີ່ສຸດຕ້ອງເຂົ້າໃຈມັນເປັນຢ່າງດີ.  Present simple ຄືການບອກເລົ່າສິ່ງທີ່ເກີດຂຶ້ນເປັນປະຈຳ, ເປັນປົກກະຕິ,​ ຊໍ້າໄປມາ, ເຫດການ ຫລື ສິ່ງທີ່ເປັນຄວາມຈິ່ງ (ຕາມປະກົດການຕາມທຳມະຊາດ ແລະ ວິທະຍາສາດ). ເຫດການນັ້ນເປັນຄວາມຈິ່ງສະເໜີໄປ ຫລືຢ່າງໜ້ອຍກໍ່ເປັນຄວາມຈິ່ງໃນຂະນະເວົ້າປະໂຫຍດນັ້ນ ແລະ ການກະທຳນັ້ນເກີດຂຶ້ນເປັນປະຈຳ, ເປັນນິໃສ ຫລື ທຸກວັນ, ທຸກອາທິດ, ທຸກເດືອນ ຫລື ທຸກປີ.

ຮູບປະໂຫຍກ:

ປະທານ (subject) + V1

ປະທານ (subject) + Modal verb + V1

ຄວາມໜາຍ ແລະ ການນໍາໃຊ້:

1. Present Simple ໃຊ້ໃນການກ່າວເຖິງການກະທຳເຊິ່ງເກີດຂຶ້ນຢ່າງຊໍ້າໄປມາ, ແລະ ສິ່ງທີ່ພວກເຮົາເຮັດເປັນປົກກະຕິ (ເປັນກິດຈະວັດ,​ ທຳນຽມປະຕິບັດ ຫລື ລັກສະນະເປັນນິໃສ) ເຊິ່ງສ່ວນຫລາຍຈະມີຄຳກິລິຍາວິເສດສະແດງຄວາມຖີ່ (adverb of frequency) ຮ່ວມດ້ວຍ, ເຊັ່ນ:  always, never, often, rarely, sometimes, usually…

(* ເພື່ມເຕື່ມກ່ຽວກັບ adverb of frequency ເບິ່ງໜ້າທີ)

·         I play golf every Monday.

·         They often travel to China.

·         She gets up at 8:00 every day.

·         I don’t walk to school.

·         She doesn’t love him.

·         Do you smoke?

·         How often do you study?

2. ເຮົາໃຊ້ Present Simple ເພື່ອເວົ້າ (ເລົ່າ) ເຖິງຂໍ້ແທ້ຈິ່ງ, ເຊັ່ນ: ຄວາມເປັນຈິ່ງໂດຍທົ່ວໄປ, ຄວາມເປັນຈິ່ງທາງວິທະຍາສາດ ແລະ ນິຍາມຕ່າງໆ.

·         My teacher always arrives early.

·         Water boils at 100 Celsius.

·         Doctors study for many years.

·         The sky isn’t green.

·         The word smart means “intelligent”.

3. ເຮົາໃຊ້ Present Simple ຮ່ວມກັບ stative verbs (non-action verbs) ເພື່ອເວົ້າ (ເລົ່າ) ກ່ຽວກັບສະພາບ ຫລື ເງື່ອນໄຂ ຫລື ປັດໃຈແວດລ້ອມ, ເຊັ່ນ: ການອະທິບາຍທາງດ້ານວັດຖຸ (physical descriptions), ຄວາມຮູ້ສຶກ (feelings), ຄວາມສຳພັນ (relationships), ຄວາມຮູ້ (knowledge), ຄວາມເຊື່ອ (beliefs), ຫລື ຄວາມເປັນເຈົ້າຂອງ (possession).

·         She is short and has long hair.

·         They like strawberries.

·         We want a new car.

·         I promise I will help you.

·         You look fantastic.

·         They belong to the yacht club.

·         I don’t know the answer.

4. ເຮົາໃຊ້ Present Simple ອະທິບາຍສະຖານະການຖາວອນ. (ຖ້າເປັນສະຖານະການໃໜ່ ຫລື ຊົ່ວຄາວ ແມ່ນໃຊ້ Present Continuous)

·         They work at a bank.

·         I travel every summer.

·         She has two daughters.

·         Where do you live?

·         He is married.

·         I‘m not American, I‘m Canadian.

5. The Present Simple is also used with the Zero conditional (ເງື່ອນໄຂ ແລະ ຜົນໄດ້ຮັບເປັນໄປໃນທິດທາງດ່ຽວກັນ).

IF            Condition                                            Result

Present simple                                  Present simple

If             you don’t love,                                 you can’t live.

If             I sleep too late,                                 I miss my morning class.

If             people don’t eat,                             they get hungry.

If             you drink too much,                       do you get a hangover?

6. ເຮົາໃຊ້ Present Simple ເພື່ອເລົ່າກ່ຽວກັບເລື່ອງລາວຕ່າງໆ (ຈາກປື້ມອ່ານ), ກ່ຽວກັບລະຄອນ ແລະ ການຫລິ້ນຕ່າງໆ.

·         A young woman travels through Europe, where she meets different people, and finally falls in love.

·         In this book, the hero saves the princess and marries her.

·         The main character is very pretty and works at a café.

7. ເພື່ອບອກເຖິງຕາຕະລາງເວລາ, ແຜນທີ່ໄດ້ກຳນົດແລ້ວ, ກຳນົດການຕ່າງໆ.

·         School begins at 9:00 and ends at 3:00.

·         The plane doesn’t arrive at 3:00, it arrives at 3:30.

·         When does the movie start?

·         The bus leaves every 15 minutes.

8. ເຮົາຍັງສາມາດໃຊ້ Present Simple ເພື່ອບອກເຖິງອະນາຄົດຫລັງຈາກຄຳສັບເຊັ່ນ:  “when”, “until”, “before”, “after”, ແລະ “as soon as”.

·         He will call you when he has time. (Not ‘will have’)

·         I won’t go out until it stops raining.

·         I’ll give you the book before you go.

·         I’m going to make dinner after I watch the news.

·         She’ll come as soon as her babysitter arrives.

ຮູບແບບໄວຍະກອນ:

1.       ປະໂຫຍກບອກເລົ່າ (Affirmative Statements)

                         Subject               Base Verb or Base Verb + -s/-es               

·         I                            eat                                             vegetables.

·         You                      eat                                             breakfast at 8:00.

·         He/she/it             eats                                           very slowly.

·         We                        eat                                             what we like.

·         They/you (plural) eat                                              healthy food.

ຢ່າລືມຕື່ມ “s” or “es” ໃສ່ he/she/it!! ໄດ້ໂປດ

2.       ປະໂຫຍກປະຕິເສດ (Negative statements)

                         Subject                 Do not or Does not         Base Verb          

·         I                           do not (don’t)                    like               spiders.

·         You                     do not (don’t)                    cook             on the weekends.

·         He/she/it             does not (doesn’t)              live              in Tokyo.

·         We                      do not (don’t)                     travel            in the winter.

·         They/you (plural) do not (don’t)                    walk              to school.

3.       ປະໂຫຍກຄຳຖາມ (Yes/No Questions)

                  Do/Does            Subject             Base Verb          

·         Do                     you                    play                    baseball?

·         Does                  he/she                play                    the piano?

·         Do                     they/you (plural) play                   well?

4.       ຄຳຖາມສອບຖາມຂໍ້ມູນ (Information Questions)

                   Wh- Word        Do/Does           Subject             Base Verb          

·         Who                  do                      you                    teach     on Mondays?

·         What                 does                  he                       study     at university?

·         When                does                  she                     travel    to Europe?

·         Where               does                  the bus (it)          go?        

·         Why                   do                    they                   yell         at their kids?

·         How                   do                     they                   make     baby carrots?

5.       ຄຳຕອບສັ້ນ (Short answers)

            NO         Subject             Do not or Does not

·         No,         I                        do not (don’t).

·         No          you                   do not (don’t).

·         No          he/she/it             does not (doesn’t)

·         No          we                      do not (don’t).

·         No          they/you (plural) do not (don’t).