Present simple tense (ປະຈຸບັນງ່າຍດ່າຍ)
Present simple tense (ປະຈຸບັນງ່າຍດ່າຍ)
ຮູບປະໂຫຍກ:
ປະທານ (subject)
+ V1
ປະທານ (subject)
+ Modal verb + V1
ຄວາມໜາຍ ແລະ ການນໍາໃຊ້:
1. Present Simple ໃຊ້ໃນການກ່າວເຖິງການກະທຳເຊິ່ງເກີດຂຶ້ນຢ່າງຊໍ້າໄປມາ,
ແລະ ສິ່ງທີ່ພວກເຮົາເຮັດເປັນປົກກະຕິ (ເປັນກິດຈະວັດ, ທຳນຽມປະຕິບັດ ຫລື
ລັກສະນະເປັນນິໃສ) ເຊິ່ງສ່ວນຫລາຍຈະມີຄຳກິລິຍາວິເສດສະແດງຄວາມຖີ່ (adverb
of frequency) ຮ່ວມດ້ວຍ, ເຊັ່ນ: always, never, often, rarely,
sometimes, usually…
(* ເພື່ມເຕື່ມກ່ຽວກັບ adverb
of frequency ເບິ່ງໜ້າທີ)
·
I play golf every Monday.
·
They often travel to China.
·
She gets up at 8:00
every day.
·
I don’t walk to school.
·
She doesn’t love him.
·
Do you smoke?
·
How often do you study?
2. ເຮົາໃຊ້ Present Simple ເພື່ອເວົ້າ
(ເລົ່າ) ເຖິງຂໍ້ແທ້ຈິ່ງ, ເຊັ່ນ: ຄວາມເປັນຈິ່ງໂດຍທົ່ວໄປ, ຄວາມເປັນຈິ່ງທາງວິທະຍາສາດ
ແລະ ນິຍາມຕ່າງໆ.
·
My teacher always arrives early.
·
Water boils at 100 Celsius.
·
Doctors study for many years.
·
The sky isn’t green.
·
The word smart means “intelligent”.
3. ເຮົາໃຊ້ Present Simple ຮ່ວມກັບ stative
verbs (non-action verbs) ເພື່ອເວົ້າ (ເລົ່າ) ກ່ຽວກັບສະພາບ ຫລື ເງື່ອນໄຂ ຫລື
ປັດໃຈແວດລ້ອມ, ເຊັ່ນ: ການອະທິບາຍທາງດ້ານວັດຖຸ (physical
descriptions), ຄວາມຮູ້ສຶກ (feelings), ຄວາມສຳພັນ (relationships),
ຄວາມຮູ້ (knowledge), ຄວາມເຊື່ອ (beliefs), ຫລື
ຄວາມເປັນເຈົ້າຂອງ (possession).
·
She is short and has long hair.
·
They like strawberries.
·
We want a new car.
·
I promise I will help you.
·
You look fantastic.
·
They belong to the yacht club.
·
I don’t know the answer.
4. ເຮົາໃຊ້ Present Simple ອະທິບາຍສະຖານະການຖາວອນ.
(ຖ້າເປັນສະຖານະການໃໜ່ ຫລື ຊົ່ວຄາວ ແມ່ນໃຊ້ Present
Continuous)
·
They work at a bank.
·
I travel every summer.
·
She has two daughters.
·
Where do you live?
·
He is married.
·
I‘m not American, I‘m Canadian.
5. The Present Simple is also used with the Zero
conditional (ເງື່ອນໄຂ ແລະ ຜົນໄດ້ຮັບເປັນໄປໃນທິດທາງດ່ຽວກັນ).
IF Condition Result
Present simple Present
simple
If you don’t
love, you can’t
live.
If I
sleep too late, I
miss my morning class.
If people
don’t eat, they get hungry.
If you
drink too much, do you get a
hangover?
6. ເຮົາໃຊ້ Present Simple ເພື່ອເລົ່າກ່ຽວກັບເລື່ອງລາວຕ່າງໆ
(ຈາກປື້ມອ່ານ), ກ່ຽວກັບລະຄອນ ແລະ ການຫລິ້ນຕ່າງໆ.
·
A young woman travels through
Europe, where she meets different people, and
finally falls in love.
·
In this book, the hero saves the princess
and marries her.
·
The main character is very pretty
and works at a café.
7. ເພື່ອບອກເຖິງຕາຕະລາງເວລາ, ແຜນທີ່ໄດ້ກຳນົດແລ້ວ, ກຳນົດການຕ່າງໆ.
·
School begins at 9:00
and ends at 3:00.
·
The plane doesn’t arrive at 3:00, it arrives at 3:30.
·
When does the movie start?
·
The bus leaves every 15
minutes.
8. ເຮົາຍັງສາມາດໃຊ້ Present Simple ເພື່ອບອກເຖິງອະນາຄົດຫລັງຈາກຄຳສັບເຊັ່ນ: “when”, “until”,
“before”, “after”, ແລະ “as soon as”.
·
He will call you when he has time.
(Not ‘will have’)
·
I won’t go out until it stops raining.
·
I’ll give you the book before you go.
·
I’m going to make dinner after
I watch the news.
·
She’ll come as soon as her
babysitter arrives.
ຮູບແບບໄວຍະກອນ:
1.
ປະໂຫຍກບອກເລົ່າ (Affirmative
Statements)
Subject Base Verb or Base Verb + -s/-es
·
I eat vegetables.
·
You eat breakfast
at 8:00.
·
He/she/it eats very
slowly.
·
We eat what
we like.
·
They/you (plural) eat healthy
food.
ຢ່າລືມຕື່ມ “s” or “es” ໃສ່ he/she/it!! ໄດ້ໂປດ
2.
ປະໂຫຍກປະຕິເສດ (Negative statements)
Subject Do not or Does not Base
Verb
·
I do not
(don’t) like spiders.
·
You do not
(don’t) cook on
the weekends.
·
He/she/it does
not (doesn’t) live in
Tokyo.
·
We do not
(don’t) travel in
the winter.
·
They/you (plural) do
not (don’t) walk to
school.
3.
ປະໂຫຍກຄຳຖາມ (Yes/No Questions)
Do/Does Subject Base Verb
·
Do you play baseball?
·
Does he/she play the
piano?
·
Do they/you
(plural) play well?
4.
ຄຳຖາມສອບຖາມຂໍ້ມູນ (Information Questions)
Wh- Word Do/Does Subject Base Verb
·
Who do you teach on Mondays?
·
What does he study at university?
·
When does she travel to Europe?
·
Where does the bus
(it) go?
·
Why do they yell at their kids?
·
How do they make baby carrots?
5.
ຄຳຕອບສັ້ນ (Short
answers)
NO Subject Do
not or Does not
·
No, I do not (don’t).
·
No you do
not (don’t).
·
No he/she/it does
not (doesn’t)
·
No we do not (don’t).
·
No they/you
(plural) do not (don’t).
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